{"id":37198,"date":"2019-12-02T12:32:12","date_gmt":"2019-12-02T11:32:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tekube.com\/2019\/12\/02\/the-printed-circuit-board\/"},"modified":"2025-02-10T11:35:47","modified_gmt":"2025-02-10T10:35:47","slug":"the-printed-circuit-board","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tekube.com\/en\/2019\/12\/02\/the-printed-circuit-board\/","title":{"rendered":"The printed circuit board"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"s1\">The <strong>printed circuit board, <span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">PCB,<\/span><\/strong> plays a very important role in technology; in fact, it is the hardware part of many automatic and computer systems that also involve a wide variety of industries, from medical to aerospace to military. Therefore, it is essential to know at least the ABC&#8217;s or rather the PCB, whether you work in the electronics and\/or related fields or are a student or hobbyist. <\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p5\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>What is a printed circuit board?  <span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">Let&#8217;s start  <\/span><\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"p7\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Definition<\/b>:<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p9\"><span class=\"s1\"><i>A printed circuit <strong>board<\/strong>, in English <strong>&#8220;printed circuit board&#8221; (PCB)<\/strong> is that component, usually rigid (but flexible ones also exist) on which electrical and electronic components are mounted. The functions of a printed circuit board are to provide a mechanical type of support on which the components will rest and to allow the electrical connection between the various components by means of tracks or traces <span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">  <\/span>Of conductive material.  <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"p11\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>All the <span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">acronyms of<\/span> the Printed<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p9\"><span class=\"s1\">Let us begin by first starting our learning column by providing you with all the acronyms by which the <span style=\"color: #00ccff;\"><strong>PCBS<\/strong><\/span>, so you will never<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">  <\/span>find yourself unprepared when faced with the myriad of terms you will encounter during everyday supplies:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li9\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>CS<\/b>: is used to quickly indicate the circuit board, we usually find it as an abbreviation through e-mail or messages.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li9\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>PCB<\/b>: as already explained in the definition, it is the international acronym and therefore the best known and most widely used in speech as well.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li9\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>PWB<\/b>:<strong><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\"> &#8220;<i>Printed Wiring Board<\/i>&#8220;<\/span><\/strong> which is the least known and used, emphasizes the subtle difference between the terms, in fact PCB emphasizes circuits made on a PCB, while PWB refers more to the board itself.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li9\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>PCBA<\/b>: <strong><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">&#8220;<i>Printed Circuit Board Assembly<\/i>&#8220;<\/span><\/strong> indicating a complete electronic circuit board, that is, consisting of a printed circuit board in which the electronic components are already soldered. As an end result you will have a ready-to-use final board also known as a <em>postcard<\/em>, which is certainly a less common name. <\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li9\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>MCPCB<\/b>: <strong><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">&#8220;<i>Metal Core Printed Circuit Board<\/i>&#8220;<\/span><\/strong> which identifies a new type of printed circuit board created to dissipate the considerable heat produced by power LEDs. Characterized by a main core made of aluminum or copper, metals with good thermal conductivity. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"p9\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>What does a <span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">printout<\/span> consist of?<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p9\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"s1\">We will now point out the basic parts that, once designed and machined, form our <span style=\"color: #00ccff;\"><strong>PCBS<\/strong><\/span>, from the simplest to the most sophisticated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-37455 size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/MONOFACCIA-1-300x85.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"85\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/MONOFACCIA-1-300x85.png 300w, https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/MONOFACCIA-1-1024x291.png 1024w, https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/MONOFACCIA-1-768x218.png 768w, https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/MONOFACCIA-1-1536x436.png 1536w, https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/MONOFACCIA-1-2048x582.png 2048w, https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/MONOFACCIA-1-1000x284.png 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p14\"><span class=\"s1\">In fact in the figure, as an example, we can see a very simple circuit in which two resistors are mounted in series, but even from such a simple design we have elements that it is essential to know, including:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li14\"><span class=\"s1\">In <span style=\"color: #1bf28e;\"><strong>light green<\/strong><\/span> the <b>solder mask <\/b>or also called <b>solder mask. <\/b>It is a thin layer of lacquer-like polymer that is usually applied to the copper traces of the printed circuit board for protection against oxidation and to prevent bridging between the pads of closely spaced solder during soldering using wave or reflow soldering processes, typical for most PCBs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li14\"><span class=\"s1\">In <span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>dark green<\/strong><\/span> represented the <b>insulating substrate, <\/b>which gives mechanical strength to the whole, can be made of <b>bakelite<\/b> (SRBP) or <b>vetronite <\/b>(FR4). Bakelite is a yellow\/brown phenolic resin, while <b>vetronite<\/b> is a greenish, translucent epoxy glass. Bakelite was widely used in the past because of its low cost, while today it is increasingly being replaced by vetronite, which has excellent mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties.  <\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li14\"><span class=\"s1\">In<span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"> <strong>bruno<\/strong><\/span><b>copper<\/b> which is the conductor par excellence and is used to make electrical connections between various components.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li14\"><span class=\"s1\">In <span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>gray<\/strong><\/span> the<b> solder<\/b> between the resistor rheophores (in the drawing in black) and the copper leads. Soldering is in fact the joining of two conductors by means of a third conductor, in this case tin, which is melted between the two conductors to be joined so that a junction is formed. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"p16\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>The different types of circuits<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p9\"><span class=\"s1\">Again, as mentioned earlier, there are first of all <b>rigid,<\/b> <b>flexible or rigid-flexible<\/b> printed circuit boards-the differences lie in the <strong>compound<\/strong> and <strong>thickness of<\/strong> the insulating material from which the board is made.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\"><span class=\"s1\">Also, depending on the <b>number of layers<\/b> they can conduct, printed circuit boards are divided into <b>single-sided<\/b>, <b>double-sided<\/b>, and the <b>multi-layers,<\/b> starting from 4 layers, 6 layers, and even up to 30 or more layers, but adding 2 layers from time to time.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\"><span class=\"s1\">The layers, referred to earlier, are called <b>layers<\/b>. <\/span><span class=\"s1\">The two layers, on the other hand, that are on the <strong>outer faces<\/strong> of the pcb are called <b>top <\/b>and <b>bottom layers<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\"><span class=\"s1\">For completeness, the inner layers that are not visible are called <b>inner layers<\/b>. In a rigid printed circuit board, the substrate, which is flat and of constant thickness, is characterized by the presence of solid insulation, composed of materials called base materials, which have flame-retardant characteristics.   <\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"p16\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"s1\"><b><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">Single-sided<\/span> or Single Layer<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p14\"><span class=\"s1\">Let us proceed by analyzing the least complex type of circuit board, which is the printed circuit board that is also used to be called <strong>single-sided<\/strong> (or single layer). A single-sided printed circuit board is identified when the copper tracks are arranged on <b>only one side of<\/b> the insulating base .   <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p14\"><span class=\"s1\">The figure above is precisely an example of a single-sided circuit, as you can see in fact the copper tracks are placed on the bottom face of the board which is called the &#8220;<b>Bottom.&#8221; <\/b>In it the soldering is done and for that reason it is also called &#8220;<b>Solder Side&#8221; <\/b>or more often referred to succinctly as &#8220;<b>LS.<\/b>&#8221;  <\/span><\/p>\n<p> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-37457 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/lato-saldature-300x91.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"91\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/lato-saldature-300x91.png 300w, https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/lato-saldature-768x233.png 768w, https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/lato-saldature.png 831w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"s1\">Instead, the top face of the baseplate is called the &#8220;<b>Top<\/b>,&#8221; and because the components are located there, it is also called the &#8220;<b>Component Side&#8221;<\/b> or more quickly the &#8220;<b>LC.<\/b>&#8220;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-37459 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/lato-componenti-300x90.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"90\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/lato-componenti-300x90.png 300w, https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/lato-componenti-768x231.png 768w, https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/lato-componenti.png 837w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"p16\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"s1\"><b><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">Dual-face<\/span> or Dual Layer<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"p14\"><span class=\"s1\">The second type we analyze is the printed circuit board, which is said to be <strong>double-sided<\/strong> (or dual layer) when copper tracks are placed on <b>both faces <\/b>of the insulating substrate:  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-37461 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/DOPPIAFACCIA-1-300x57.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"57\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/DOPPIAFACCIA-1-300x57.png 300w, https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/DOPPIAFACCIA-1-768x146.png 768w, https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/DOPPIAFACCIA-1.png 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p14\"><span class=\"s1\">As can be seen in the figure:  <\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li14\"><span class=\"s1\">Welds can be made in the Top, Bottom, or <strong>both.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li14\"><span class=\"s1\"><strong>Metallized Holes<\/strong> are used to connect two tracks placed in the Top and Bottom, respectively.  <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p14\"><span class=\"s1\">In particular:  <\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li14\"><span class=\"s1\">Industrial ones are made by drilling holes in the substrate where the connection is to be made and depositing copper.  <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"p16\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"s1\"><b><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">Multilayer<\/span> or Multilayer<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p14\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"s1\">Finally, when <strong>two faces are not enough<\/strong>, 1, 2 or even more intermediate copper layers, <b>invisible from the outside<\/b>, can be added.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p14\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"s1\">The printed circuit board made in this way is called <b>multilayer<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p14\"><span class=\"s1\">That said, multilayer circuits allow the construction of very complex circuits, with the added advantage of being able to mount components with many pins, such as integrated circuits, very close together, which benefits <b>miniaturization<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p14\"><span class=\"s1\">The connections between layers are made through metallized holes, shown in the figure at the end of the paragraph, sometimes blind, inside which rivets are inserted to make the inner tracks reachable from the outer surface. <\/span><span class=\"s1\">In fact, below you will find a miniaturization of the sectioned multilayer, in which the hole wall metallization on the three hole types is highlighted to indicate complexity, <strong><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">blind hole (1)<\/span><\/strong>, <span style=\"color: #00ccff;\"><strong>buried hole (2)<\/strong><\/span> e <strong><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">through-hole<\/span> <span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">(3):<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-37463 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/illustrazione-multistrato-tekube-1-300x154.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"154\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/illustrazione-multistrato-tekube-1-300x154.png 300w, https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/illustrazione-multistrato-tekube-1.png 556w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"s1\">They are PCBs that can <strong>only<\/strong> be made <strong>industrially<\/strong>, and the production costs usually dictate large series production. That is why we at <span style=\"color: #00ccff;\"><strong>Tekube<\/strong><\/span> are here to advise you, accompanying you from feasibility study through industrialization to delivery to your warehouse. <\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"p11\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>One printout at a time&#8230;<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p9\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"s1\">But let&#8217;s proceed one step at a time, even the most solid houses were built brick by brick.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\"><span class=\"s1\">In fact, now that we have laid the <strong>foundation<\/strong> as well as the <strong>groundwork on the basics of printed circuit boards<\/strong>, all that remains is to wish you an electrifying initial learning. Initial&#8230; Precisely because from  <\/span><span class=\"s1\">  this article onward one will be released weekly to delve deeper into the world of PCBs, and feed not only our thirst for knowledge but also the content of our <b>#PCBlog<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-37468 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sfondo-articolo-sfumature-circuito-stampato-300x144.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"144\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sfondo-articolo-sfumature-circuito-stampato-300x144.png 300w, https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sfondo-articolo-sfumature-circuito-stampato-1024x493.png 1024w, https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sfondo-articolo-sfumature-circuito-stampato-768x370.png 768w, https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sfondo-articolo-sfumature-circuito-stampato-1000x481.png 1000w, https:\/\/tekube.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sfondo-articolo-sfumature-circuito-stampato.png 1350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"s1\">In fact, we will delve into the stages of industrial fabrication through the technical characteristics of PCBs to assembly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\"><span class=\"s1\">Don&#8217;t miss any information pill, follow our official page <strong><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\"><a style=\"color: #00ccff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/13027785\"><span class=\"s2\">LinkedIn<\/span><\/a>,<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> you will then be part of our upcoming appointments to discover the many nuances of printed circuit boards. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p11\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"s1\">Finally, if you have any topics that you would like to report to us or that you would like to learn more about, or simply if you would like more information about a possible supply&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p9\">\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The printed circuit board, PCB, plays a very important role in technology; in fact, it is the hardware part of many automatic and computer systems that also involve a wide variety of industries, from medical to aerospace to military. Therefore, it is essential to know at least the ABC&#8217;s or rather the PCB, whether you&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":37449,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[204],"tags":[205,218],"class_list":["post-37198","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-en","tag-pcb-en","tag-pcb-engineering","category-204","description-off"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The printed circuit board - The PCB illustrated in a scroll - Tekube<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Single-sided, Double-sided, Multilayer, one printed circuit board at a time we will go deep into discovering our world, the world of printed circuit boards.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tekube.com\/en\/2019\/12\/02\/the-printed-circuit-board\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The printed circuit board - 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